The Pakistan Journal of Science, Engineering, and Modern Research (PJSEMR) is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to publishing high-quality research and review articles in the fields of natural sciences, engineering, and modern interdisciplinary innovations. PJSEMR serves as a platform for researchers, scholars, engineers, and practitioners across Pakistan and around the world to disseminate original findings, theoretical advances, and practical solutions addressing contemporary scientific and technological challenges.